先算對應的齊次方程的解.
y'+P(x)y=0
y'/y=-P(x)
lny=-∫P(x)dx+C
y=ke^(-∫P(x)dx)
下面用常數變易法求解原方程的解.
設k爲u(x)
y=u(x)e^(-∫P(x)dx)
y'=u'(x)e^(-∫P(x)dx)-u(x)P(x)e^(-∫P(x)dx)
代入得：
Q(x)
=u'(x)e^(-∫P(x)dx)-u(x)P(x)e^(-∫P(x)dx)+u(x)P(x)e^(-∫P(x)dx)
u(x)=∫Q(x)e^(∫P(x)dx)+C
y=e^(-∫P(x)dx)(∫Q(x)e^(∫P(x)dx)+C)
