當前位置:聚美館>智慧生活>心理>

小學生如何練字

心理 閱讀(1.49W)
小學生如何練字

我們常說“字如其人”“見字如面”,可見寫一手好字的重要性。特別是在當下,越來越多的考試採用答題卡,網上閱卷,字型的清楚、整潔、美觀成爲取得優異成績的首要條件。因此,在小學階段練一手好字就顯得尤爲必要。

寫字習慣

從孩子一年級學習寫字開始,掌握正確的寫字姿勢,養成良好的寫字習慣,纔有助於孩子的身體發育,視力保護,同時這也是在爲中高年級孩子較爲輕鬆地提升寫字速度做準備。

坐姿

孩子的坐姿是家長最容易關注的點,要求做到:頭正、肩平、身直、足。其中“足安”可能會被大家忽略,那就是雙腳自然平放在地上,全腳掌着地,雙腿分開約與肩同寬,此時孩子的整個坐姿纔是穩定的。

同時還要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身體距桌子一拳,眼睛離課本一尺(約33釐米),握筆手指離筆尖約一寸(約3.3釐米),不含胸駝背。

坐端正後,還可以提醒孩子將寫字的書本放在書桌正前方的中央,擺正後再來書寫,避免歪歪斜斜地擺放。

在孩子學習寫字的初期,家長可以利用兒歌、口訣多加督促提醒,幫助孩子有意識地養成良好的坐姿習慣。

握筆姿勢

握筆姿勢和坐姿要從小抓起。兒童肌肉的發育是不平衡的,做精細動作的能力較差,握筆寫字是比較費勁的。家長要耐心指導,幫助孩子掌握正確的握筆方法。

1、首先將大拇指和食指伸出

2、倆指輕合成圓環狀。

3、筆桿穿過圓環,再由中指從下往上自然挺住,把筆桿固定在三角架中。

注意

1、筆桿放在拇指、食指和中指的三個指梢之間,食指在前,拇指在左後,中指在右下,食指應較拇指低些。手指尖應距筆尖約3釐米(約一寸)

2、筆桿與作業本保持六十度的傾斜,掌心虛圓,指關節略彎曲。筆桿勿靠於虎口處。

練字前準備

選筆

練字一般分軟筆和硬筆兩種。顧名思義軟筆即如毛筆這樣的軟質筆頭,而硬筆多指鉛筆、鋼筆、圓珠筆這類硬質筆頭。我們大多數人只是希望平時能寫好字,因此可以直接從硬筆開始練習,無需進行毛筆書法練習。畢竟軟筆字的書寫方法與硬筆字還是有些不同的。

鉛筆在硬筆裏筆頭相較更具韌性,能體現落筆的輕重,進而更有利於字帖練字的基礎——控筆技巧的掌握。而鋼筆更能夠體現出書法的筆鋒,能做到頓筆、收筆的區別,使我們更容易掌握書法的技巧。

1、鉛筆

適合兒童和初學者,有助於表現筆畫粗細,練出筆鋒。

2、中性筆

價廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的筆芯較適合用於練習。

3、鋼筆

最能表現筆畫的頓挫和書寫的節奏。但鋼筆的出水量比普通筆大,需選擇有一定厚度的紙張進行練習。

選字帖

字帖大致分爲凹槽字帖和描紅字帖兩種。先說結論,凹槽字帖是較不推薦的。因爲用凹槽字帖練字,我們只要着筆在字帖上跟着凹槽來回畫就行了,令你很難掌握基礎的控筆技巧,對練字的幫助就較爲有限。而描紅字帖一般也不太推薦使用半透明紙張進行描紅,因爲這樣你沒法仔細觀察文字的結構及筆法,我們更建議直接在字帖上描紅練習。

選字型

練字是一個需要耐心且需要掌握基礎的練習,沒有捷徑可言。我們要先學會各個筆畫筆順的練習,再進行楷書練習,最後才能選你喜歡的大師字帖進行練習。因此,如果跳過基礎練習,直接進行大師字型臨摹,很可能練習多年也不得要領,寫不出好字。

正式練字

每個年齡段的孩子有不同的寫字要求。

低年級

對於低年級的孩子來說,首要的要求是把字寫正確。課後的生字表中會出示要求會寫字的筆畫、筆順、部首等,書寫前需要認真觀察,看清楚再下筆。剛開始寫時,儘量仿照書中出示的楷體,一筆一畫模仿寫。

需要特別注意的有:

1、先看清楚筆順再動筆寫,混亂的筆順後期很難糾正!

2、漢字在田字格中的位置要居中,大小適中,上下左右都要留出一定的位置。

3、學會觀察字的結構,如上下結構、左右結構、半包圍結構等,還要注意不同結構的佔格,如“你”字左窄右寬,“臥”字左寬右窄。

4、學會觀察重要筆畫。

一個字中最長的筆畫及它在田字格中的位置,如“耳”字中最長的橫是第六筆,寫在橫中線下,從左到右微微向上傾斜。

“目”“垂”這類字中“橫”較多,每橫之間的距離要基本相等。

左右結構的字會出現“穿插避讓”,如“林”字左邊的“木”最後一筆要寫成“點”。

最後一筆爲“捺”時,如“八”“木”要特別注意下筆舒展,漸加力至捺腳重按筆出鋒,不能寫成“點”。

5、低年級時對孩子的要求應該是把字寫正確、規範,而不是過於追求和字帖一樣的美觀,這樣過高的要求可能會打擊孩子寫字的積極性。如果想引導孩子練出起筆、頓筆、收筆,可以利用和教材配套的字帖,其中會對每個字的筆順、佔格、筆畫位置等有較爲詳細的指導也可以將楷體字放大,先引導孩子觀察筆畫的走向、特點,再模仿練習。

中年級

在低年級把字寫正確的基礎上,中年級的孩子應把重點放在練習把字寫端正。此時,孩子手部的精細動作得到了進一步的發展,書寫更加熟練、自如,練字的關注點就可以是如何把一個字寫美觀,也就是更加註重練習起筆、行筆、頓筆、收筆等書寫要領。主要的方法還可以延續臨摹字帖,此時不建議給孩子用透明類的字帖,這樣的字帖紙張過於輕薄,不便於書寫此外,離開了下面的“模子”,孩子對於漢字在田字格中的佔位、書寫要領等可能印象並不深刻。

中年級孩子開始嘗試用鋼筆練字,由鉛筆到鋼筆的轉換,部分孩子可能不適應,而產生不願換筆的現象。但其實一開始寫不好鋼筆字是正常的,正是因爲如此,才更體現出練字的必要性。此時要注意,不要以圓珠筆代替鋼筆,這樣寫字時可能更爲整潔,但難以達到提升書寫能力的目的。

還有一點需要提醒的是,中年級是孩子錯別字的高發期,此時用鋼筆書寫難免產生勾畫塗抹的情況,對於寫錯的字,應用規範的刪除符號“/”劃去,這樣才能保證書面整潔。

高年級

等孩子到高年級,寫字的關注點就從“一個字”轉變爲“一篇字”,在寫好每個字的基礎上,注意字與字之間的間隔,行與行之間的空隙,追求整篇字的美觀。

還要有意識地提高寫字的速度,在保證字型規範、工整的前提下,儘可能快地書寫。這也是需要練習的,例如看要抄寫的內容時看一句話,而不是每次只看一個詞或幾個字書寫時不過於追求每個字的美觀字型大小適中保持正確的握筆姿勢平時加強識字寫字練習等。

練字步驟

控筆訓練

從練字的角度,把控筆練習分爲三個階段:

第一階段:協調力控筆訓練。不管細節,只找感覺,這是爲了練習手腕、手指和筆之間的協調能力,糾正勾腕、攥拳等錯誤握筆姿勢。

第二階段:精度控筆訓練。按照線條軌跡和粗細變化進行練習,切實注意起止位置,全面提升大腦對手部動作的控制能力,真正做到手筆合一。

第三階段:美感控筆訓練。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黃金分割點,按照黃金分割比例將筆畫、偏旁進行排列,讓字寫得更美觀。

擴展資料

首先,筆畫練習不具備糾正勾腕、攥拳等錯誤握筆姿勢的能力。有關數據統計顯示,從筆畫開始練字,我國少年兒童錯誤握筆姿勢問題一直居高不下,用力過大、寫字太慢、歪歪扭扭、寫字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎發育出現問題。

其次,筆畫練習不具備控筆元素所具有的線條軌跡和粗細變化,要做到手筆合一,對於初學練字者來說,這是難上加難,而具備這種細微筆畫的拿捏能力之後,練習筆畫就會變得水到渠成。一個控筆元素最多可以用在21個筆畫上邊,這也是練習控筆元素優於直接練習筆畫的一個方面。

第三,美感訓練是控筆元素具備而筆畫無力能及的又一特點,經過專門的美學訓練,可以非常輕鬆地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黃金分割點,按照黃金分割比例將筆畫、偏旁進行排列,讓字寫得更美觀。

基礎筆畫訓練

運筆的基本筆法:中鋒、側鋒、偏鋒、起筆、行筆、收筆、藏鋒、露鋒、提筆、按筆、疾筆、澀筆、轉與折。

美的線條當是來龍去脈交待清楚、行筆流暢自如、輕重緩急得當,呈現出美的形態與神態,充滿活力,或輕或重、或緩或急、或剛或柔,歸於自然。

中鋒

即指中鋒用筆。中鋒運筆時,筆尖時刻保持在線條的中心部位,落紙後,筆尖的方向和筆執行的方向在一條直線上。中鋒行筆時,筆尖在筆畫中間,兩邊的筆毫一齊用力,墨跡向兩邊滲透均勻,寫出來的筆畫厚實、凝練。中鋒在篆書、楷書、隸書中運用的特別廣泛。

側鋒

側鋒又叫做偏鋒,與中鋒相對。側鋒用筆,筆入紙後,筆尖的方向與筆執行的方向往往呈一個角度。如寫“橫”時,順鋒豎入,向右下頓筆,此時筆尖朝左上方,當我們向右稍拖帶時,筆的執行方向是朝右的,筆尖方向和運筆方向就有一個夾角。側鋒寫出來的點畫,往往一側較厚實,一側較單薄,這與側鋒是單側筆毫用力有關。

“中鋒取骨,側鋒取妍”,側鋒在行、草書中運用的很廣。

起筆、行筆、收筆

行書的基本筆畫,在書寫時都有起筆、行筆、收筆三個過程。所謂起筆,就是書寫筆畫筆尖觸紙時的下筆行筆,就是書寫筆畫的中間運筆收筆,就是筆畫書寫結束時的用筆。如寫橫畫,左邊起筆,中爲行筆,右爲收筆,起筆有輕有重,行筆有快有慢,收筆有回有露。

提筆、按筆

鋼筆行書的用筆也很講究提按,以增強筆畫的粗細變化和輕重的節奏。所謂提筆,就是筆從紙面提起,筆尖觸紙力度小,筆畫要細所謂按筆,就是筆尖在紙上往下按,筆尖觸紙力度大,筆畫要粗一些。

翻筆、折筆

翻筆,一般是向上取逆勢,上一筆接下一筆出現的鉤挑,如“古”字的橫,“人”、“有”的撇,都是用翻筆寫成的。折筆,一般是向下、向右取順勢,如“口”字的橫折、"山"字的豎折,都是用折筆寫成的。不論翻筆、折筆,都要求用筆慢而用力。

風格,指用鋒的深淺。

使轉和方圓

在書寫的過程中,隨點畫之勢運筆,帶來了運腕方向上的不斷變化。諸多的變化歸納起來,用“使轉”二字便能概括。“縱橫牽制謂之使,鉤環盤紆謂之轉。”(王紱《論書》)。點畫的“遣送”爲使,點畫的“交接變向”爲轉。“使”皆實,“轉”有虛,“轉”更難。轉筆作用很大,極須用意。它即是換筆,又是調筆,方法也需視情況而變。

寫字口訣

小小一點要點好,學會頓筆很重要

橫要平,豎要直,撇有鋒,捺有腳

提鉤要尖折有角,行筆輕快要記牢

認真練習功夫到,筆畫健美字纔好。

18個基本筆畫運筆示意圖

一、長橫

二、豎畫

三、撇

四、點

五、臥鉤

六、豎撇

七、豎彎鉤

八、平捺

九、戈鉤

十、垂露豎

十一、捺

十二、豎折

十三、豎鉤

十四、提鉤

十五、撇點

十六、平撇

十七、橫撇

十八、橫折

偏旁部首訓練

漢字的偏旁部首是指各種點畫的固定搭配,是漢字的結構單位,是構成漢字的基礎,重複出現的頻率極高,具有極爲普遍的代表性。它們在漢字中的形態基本固定,並具有一定的書寫規律,因此掌握偏旁部首的寫法,狠抓偏旁部首,不失爲一條最爲有效的捷徑,對學習漢字結構也是一條快捷之路。同時,偏旁部首書寫的正確與否,直接關係到字形的美觀,所以在學習鋼筆書法的結構前,有必要先掌握漢字各種偏旁部首的正確寫法。同時,掌握好一個偏旁部首,即可舉一反三地運用到其他很多字當中去,可達到事半功倍的效果。

漢字的偏旁部首常用的有82種,一般歸納爲:字頭、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包圍五大類。

字頭

字底

左偏旁

右偏旁

包圍

認識字形結構

漢字的結構對稱特點,主要是指漢字的字形結構具有幾何學上的對稱意義,它的構形筆畫或幾部件以某個線(面)爲軸相互折普後或平移後可以左右或上下重聲(完全重普或部分重疊),具有冗餘資訊或重複的視覺資訊,因此而區別於其它非結構對稱漢字。

根據對稱的種類及層次,結構對稱漢字具體可細分爲以下幾種情況:

1、上下部件結構對稱:如呂、昌等。

2、左右部件結構對稱:如比、林、非等。

3、內外部件結構對稱:如回等。

4、部分部件結構對稱:如以中間部件爲軸對稱:如辯、斑等字形下部的部件結構對稱:如麗、翁等字形上部的部件結構對稱:如叢、琶等字形左邊的部件結構對稱:如彬等,字形右邊的部件結構對稱:如琳等。

5、部件多層重疊的結構對稱:如、鑫等。

6、獨體字中的結構對稱:如田、中等。據作者初步統計,在國家語言文字工作委員會漢字處編的《現代漢語通用字表》(北京:語文出版社,1989)收集的7000個通用的漢字中,上述各類結構對稱的漢字達612個,佔通用漢字總數的8.74%。其教學過程及步驟如下:

第一階段:形象地顯示自然界的對稱規律。大自然中無處不存在着對稱現象。因此,可採用實物、圖片、幻燈以及錄象等各種形象的手段,讓學生了解大自然所表現的種種對稱性。如雕塑、建築、植物、動物中的對稱。然後讓學生到自已的周圍去找各種對稱的事物。如自己的身體,雙耳、雙眼、雙鼻孔、雙手、雙腳的對稱,從而使學生初步感知對稱的美,並遷移到漢字學形結構對稱的感知中來。第二階段:直觀地識別對稱的基本的獨體字漢字的字形形象而多變,但大都具有結構對稱的特點。教學時,可採用直觀形象的圖畫讓學生體會漢字的結構對稱的美。由幻燈或 CAI 展示實物或景象﹣展示古時的漢字﹣展示演變至今的對稱漢字﹣揭示其對稱的規律。如教左右對稱的獨體字“雨”,可首先展示雨景,讓學生觀察雨點方向,繼而展示一個古時的“雨”字,最後展示演變至今的“雨”,引導學生了解從圖到字中發現四點的方向是一致的,而如果四點的方向不一,這個字的整體對稱美就不能表達出來。實際上,學生在觀察和描述中已感受到這種對稱美,只不過無法用“對稱”這個詞表達出來。有的上下左右都對稱的獨體字如“田、日”等除了採用以上方法,還可以讓學生透過折折,剪一剪的方法來體會這種對稱的規律。把紙對摺再對摺,畫一個空心“口”字,再用剪刀剪出這個字,把這個“口”字開啟來,就是“田”字。第三階段:分類地識別各種結構對稱的合體字。

當學生初步感知對稱這一概念,學會了對稱的獨體字後,可傳授各種適合這類對稱漢字的識字方法,歸類識別各種對稱的合體字,並逐步培養學生獨立識別各類對稱漢字的能力。①字謎法適用於上下、左右、內外以及多層重疊對稱的合體字。學生對這類字很感興趣,可讓學生編字謎,師生互猜字謎來識別。如“三火是焱,三金是鑫”等等。②顏色標註法適用於部分部件對稱的漢字。可用彩色粉筆標出合體中的對稱部分,如下部對稱的“翁”字中的“羽”,右邊對稱的“琳”字中的“林”等等,對於以中間部件爲軸對稱的字,如班,可用色標標出其中間部分。③兒歌分解法同樣適用於部分件對稱的漢字。如“叢”一一左右兩人走鋼絲。另外,當學生掌握了一定的識字方法後,還可鼓勵學生新創各種合適的方法來識別各種對稱的生字,激發學生字的興趣。

規範字書寫練習

購買適合自己的字貼進行練習。

1、司馬彥 | 人教版課課練:字型規範、人教版教材適用(各年級都有) 。

2、金枝葉 | 小學生生字摹寫本人教版課本同步練字帖:描紅、臨帖結合 。

3、華夏萬卷 | 人教版課本同步寫字課字帖:內容系統全面(各年級都有)。

4、墨點 | 衡水體高中英語字帖:衡水體 。

5、學才 | 小學生英語單元同步詞彙:同步詞彙 。

6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷書練字帖:凹槽+臨摹。

7、金枝葉 | 兒童初學者凹槽練字帖:幼兒、凹槽。

適合的字帖

1、清晰

按照現在的印刷技術,清晰是基本沒有問題的。可清晰有時候是假的。有些出版商,爲了讓字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在製版的時候會將圖片深度銳化。

2、選擇高端版本

所謂的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次數多了,難免會有誤差。選擇字帖,應該苛刻到“下真跡一等”或者儘可能靠近原作的那種。

3、選擇全綵色印刷

高清全綵色印刷的字帖儘管貴一些,但你能從中捕捉和發現很多資訊。諸如原作用的什麼紙張,墨色深淺如何等等,好的全綵色字帖,都能看出來線條疊加的痕跡,並能分析出來用筆速度、正確的用筆方法來。

4、複製品

複製品的概念,可不能簡單理解成印刷品。複製品,其實就是按照原大、原色、原樣、原材質複製的,它幾乎可以理解成真跡的克隆品。複製品的好處就是你幾乎是在面對真跡。線條的張力,墨色,紙張的顏色,氣息等等字帖所不能表現的因素,它都有。

5、字帖有標明尺寸

這個尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,纔會判斷出來原作到底有多大,字有多大,線條有多粗,然後纔會明白原作到底有多大的技術難度。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們常說“字如其人”“見字如面”,可見寫一手好字的重要性。特別是在當下,越來越多的考試採用答題卡,網上閱卷,字型的清楚、整潔、美觀成爲取得優異成績的首要條件。因此,在小學階段練一手好字就顯得尤爲必要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGSUw6K0GAAmeKLPmmONUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字習慣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CaigIgAM4Q8C473kBrV4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從孩子一年級學習寫字開始,掌握正確的寫字姿勢,養成良好的寫字習慣,纔有助於孩子的身體發育,視力保護,同時這也是在爲中高年級孩子較爲輕鬆地提升寫字速度做準備。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo2uCwkEYcY0yLzLzhFGPP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna08MkIgEYWysYHcm33HH8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孩子的坐姿是家長最容易關注的點,要求做到:頭正、肩平、身直、足。其中“足安”可能會被大家忽略,那就是雙腳自然平放在地上,全腳掌着地,雙腿分開約與肩同寬,此時孩子的整個坐姿纔是穩定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKaaeGSwYqqqEdu3mtZFxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同時還要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身體距桌子一拳,眼睛離課本一尺(約33釐米),握筆手指離筆尖約一寸(約3.3釐米),不含胸駝背。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGOGmGceaQiU1Lj1VXV9rj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐端正後,還可以提醒孩子將寫字的書本放在書桌正前方的中央,擺正後再來書寫,避免歪歪斜斜地擺放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIYIGIAuu0ew0033YFdlvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在孩子學習寫字的初期,家長可以利用兒歌、口訣多加督促提醒,幫助孩子有意識地養成良好的坐姿習慣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwoWuug46SY0KixxgO3nne"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":337,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnOomI2cMoKsoOeSed5HIHJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握筆姿勢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsCmyCOIE4oucDue7PQ24d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握筆姿勢和坐姿要從小抓起。兒童肌肉的發育是不平衡的,做精細動作的能力較差,握筆寫字是比較費勁的。家長要耐心指導,幫助孩子掌握正確的握筆方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnumMWKqIUuUsySoqEXpcGWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŕ、首先將大拇指和食指伸出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcuQGWIOyaIA0Is7b0bC0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ŗ、倆指輕合成圓環狀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquoCoAEGYQgM2hAslEH5Wh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŗ、筆桿穿過圓環,再由中指從下往上自然挺住,把筆桿固定在三角架中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncomckWUgYmm2aSMJTO8xve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握筆姿勢","id":""}],"url":"","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnIEyu0ygkyyakshk7baK7oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wOCwk6KAOoYqYd0we3pIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŕ、筆桿放在拇指、食指和中指的三個指梢之間,食指在前,拇指在左後,中指在右下,食指應較拇指低些。手指尖應距筆尖約3釐米(約一寸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaOkquAwiKOmakdQkW88Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ŗ、筆桿與作業本保持六十度的傾斜,掌心虛圓,指關節略彎曲。筆桿勿靠於虎口處。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4yEUM48aOYWspPYl5HUBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練字前準備","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYa2IUeQCWWiSqy0TFL163d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0mikOyeSWSmwx8jTzjFtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"練字一般分軟筆和硬筆兩種。顧名思義軟筆即如毛筆這樣的軟質筆頭,而硬筆多指鉛筆、鋼筆、圓珠筆這類硬質筆頭。我們大多數人只是希望平時能寫好字,因此可以直接從硬筆開始練習,無需進行毛筆書法練習。畢竟軟筆字的書寫方法與硬筆字還是有些不同的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0osQ4288OwYotIKVoCmph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鉛筆在硬筆裏筆頭相較更具韌性,能體現落筆的輕重,進而更有利於字帖練字的基礎——控筆技巧的掌握。而鋼筆更能夠體現出書法的筆鋒,能做到頓筆、收筆的區別,使我們更容易掌握書法的技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUA20K4CYQSGMHJ2p1tcWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŕ、鉛筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWUumGSui20Q4JvZmOHv2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"適合兒童和初學者,有助於表現筆畫粗細,練出筆鋒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnso2UaOsWgCG8dMK96DWOK6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"url":"","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeUC6ymCy4OKwsXCTZvxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ŗ、中性筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmqYaWcUm0caGOIBGwBZhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"價廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的筆芯較適合用於練習。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsE4koe2y2YMoFwXH2rr2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"url":"","width":335},"text":"","id":"doxcnaA08C8QUYkIIIpPPXQP8Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŗ、鋼筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeg8UG06CqsguQol2jET7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最能表現筆畫的頓挫和書寫的節奏。但鋼筆的出水量比普通筆大,需選擇有一定厚度的紙張進行練習。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSMsousI6Kgk0ubl7gkfTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"url":"","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnM4c0mw0g4OYgSMJRTSUX8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmigIkqCWuGSamwq0oZQaFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖大致分爲凹槽字帖和描紅字帖兩種。先說結論,凹槽字帖是較不推薦的。因爲用凹槽字帖練字,我們只要着筆在字帖上跟着凹槽來回畫就行了,令你很難掌握基礎的控筆技巧,對練字的幫助就較爲有限。而描紅字帖一般也不太推薦使用半透明紙張進行描紅,因爲這樣你沒法仔細觀察文字的結構及筆法,我們更建議直接在字帖上描紅練習。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniawgc6moE8SgorYcMFuhmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":383,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選字帖","id":""}],"url":"","width":440},"text":"","id":"doxcnisYYYg44ssuyYvwSPIOUMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選字型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQmq0QiQqmSyiq1EKkneJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"練字是一個需要耐心且需要掌握基礎的練習,沒有捷徑可言。我們要先學會各個筆畫筆順的練習,再進行楷書練習,最後才能選你喜歡的大師字帖進行練習。因此,如果跳過基礎練習,直接進行大師字型臨摹,很可能練習多年也不得要領,寫不出好字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0EUGYMoSOkecNYrR1ArFb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選字型","id":""}],"url":"","width":304},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UwooIImcyqQtjtGUeXeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"正式練字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOCaYoIui4YY2a0AN7E9pXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每個年齡段的孩子有不同的寫字要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugE6IiiQSEUC416F5qlgrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kAa48musqYKwrbVRh1HTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對於低年級的孩子來說,首要的要求是把字寫正確。課後的生字表中會出示要求會寫字的筆畫、筆順、部首等,書寫前需要認真觀察,看清楚再下筆。剛開始寫時,儘量仿照書中出示的楷體,一筆一畫模仿寫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeEcKqmiUAYYGCKuKNk6kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要特別注意的有:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiogUSieK84eQhxZqjXple"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŕ、先看清楚筆順再動筆寫,混亂的筆順後期很難糾正!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny466KKKCYCGYKetveQadHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ŗ、漢字在田字格中的位置要居中,大小適中,上下左右都要留出一定的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEQyWsqoWueIcpPn5kUN4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŗ、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"學會觀察字的結構,如上下結構、左右結構、半包圍結構等,還要注意不同結構的佔格,如“你”字左窄右寬,“臥”字左寬右窄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaYsy28MGmQS2A9BWpdig6"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級","id":""}],"url":"","width":183},"text":"","id":"doxcnwcwKE2ISyOeWCkGI6yRLab"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級","id":""}],"url":"","width":163},"text":"","id":"doxcnS4eAwAmm4iQem6SPYBeygd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSQEmWEEU8IGa4KUeDDZlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ř、學會觀察重要筆畫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSQEmWEEU8IGa4KUeDDZlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一個字中最長的筆畫及它在田字格中的位置,如“耳”字中最長的橫是第六筆,寫在橫中線下,從左到右微微向上傾斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWkw2CY2YUyc9kS9lkUcLC"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級","id":""}],"url":"","width":250},"text":"","id":"doxcnmwwkSa4k060yYv8dHXEwkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“目”“垂”這類字中“橫”較多,每橫之間的距離要基本相等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwoU8ECKa4Am2yGFBQyeEy2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":264,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級","id":""}],"url":"","width":330},"text":"","id":"doxcnqaiGcEeUsKocWYjWtioNwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左右結構的字會出現“穿插避讓”,如“林”字左邊的“木”最後一筆要寫成“點”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0gUgUEw6CMAq2zlMVc3Ke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":268,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級","id":""}],"url":"","width":267},"text":"","id":"doxcncQae4QcqMawmwbVYEFtHQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最後一筆爲“捺”時,如“八”“木”要特別注意下筆舒展,漸加力至捺腳重按筆出鋒,不能寫成“點”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSaSOkq0Sck20giJXqN4zg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級","id":""}],"url":"","width":337},"text":"","id":"doxcnCQG2QQ82aauiYd6WZOpV70"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級","id":""}],"url":"","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnu8wE0eOwEiEu2WnWdXJolB"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIiICIAIsec6UFiSNXcl8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ř、低年級時對孩子的要求應該是把字寫正確、規範,而不是過於追求和字帖一樣的美觀,這樣過高的要求可能會打擊孩子寫字的積極性。如果想引導孩子練出起筆、頓筆、收筆,可以利用和教材配套的字帖,其中會對每個字的筆順、佔格、筆畫位置等有較爲詳細的指導也可以將楷體字放大,先引導孩子觀察筆畫的走向、特點,再模仿練習。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIiICIAIsec6UFiSNXcl8g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年級","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnay8USSG0MUEQwv3u1opETd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在低年級把字寫正確的基礎上,中年級的孩子應把重點放在練習把字寫端正。此時,孩子手部的精細動作得到了進一步的發展,書寫更加熟練、自如,練字的關注點就可以是如何把一個字寫美觀,也就是更加註重練習起筆、行筆、頓筆、收筆等書寫要領。主要的方法還可以延續臨摹字帖,此時不建議給孩子用透明類的字帖,這樣的字帖紙張過於輕薄,不便於書寫此外,離開了下面的“模子”,孩子對於漢字在田字格中的佔位、書寫要領等可能印象並不深刻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGc8U8cmwsiWMrFoDaob5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年級孩子開始嘗試用鋼筆練字,由鉛筆到鋼筆的轉換,部分孩子可能不適應,而產生不願換筆的現象。但其實一開始寫不好鋼筆字是正常的,正是因爲如此,才更體現出練字的必要性。此時要注意,不要以圓珠筆代替鋼筆,這樣寫字時可能更爲整潔,但難以達到提升書寫能力的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoYsIEyiWEw8aYJxtOxP0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"還有一點需要提醒的是,中年級是孩子錯別字的高發期,此時用鋼筆書寫難免產生勾畫塗抹的情況,對於寫錯的字,應用規範的刪除符號“/”劃去,這樣才能保證書面整潔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoAImC0KogQgqOJph9p7gc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高年級","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm4SQIkoiSU4IUpo7iSu68e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等孩子到高年級,寫字的關注點就從“一個字”轉變爲","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“一篇字”","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",在寫好每個字的基礎上,注意字與字之間的間隔,行與行之間的空隙,追求整篇字的美觀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKguAAMKU602YSF9hNTxFcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"還要有意識地提高寫字的速度,在保證字型規範、工整的前提下,儘可能快地書寫。這也是需要練習的,例如看要抄寫的內容時看一句話,而不是每次只看一個詞或幾個字書寫時不過於追求每個字的美觀字型大小適中保持正確的握筆姿勢平時加強識字寫字練習等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamWQuaGagUY0ghN11D4Vxb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":474,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"高年級","id":""}],"url":"","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnMMGsmWmqKse647ZSlt9JXg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練字步驟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weoyUkG8G4k0o7a4FKftc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"控筆訓練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUgqWC4ec02e4sNAebFOfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從練字的角度,把控筆練習分爲三個階段:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCGM64YaYMOKegR8CkxUXpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一階段:協調力控筆訓練。不管細節,只找感覺,這是爲了練習手腕、手指和筆之間的協調能力,糾正勾腕、攥拳等錯誤握筆姿勢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScumSaSQc8I2cbLhMEjYS5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二階段:精度控筆訓練。按照線條軌跡和粗細變化進行練習,切實注意起止位置,全面提升大腦對手部動作的控制能力,真正做到手筆合一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykaieqqIm22kmMGcZ8TQ9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三階段:美感控筆訓練。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黃金分割點,按照黃金分割比例將筆畫、偏旁進行排列,讓字寫得更美觀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsiOgu8cUE6wQftgx81hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"擴展資料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEW2CGGGY8KwsJrmam4Z1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先,筆畫練習不具備糾正勾腕、攥拳等錯誤握筆姿勢的能力。有關數據統計顯示,從筆畫開始練字,我國少年兒童錯誤握筆姿勢問題一直居高不下,用力過大、寫字太慢、歪歪扭扭、寫字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎發育出現問題。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUS2I6YYOKQc7ppj1vnCF9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次,筆畫練習不具備控筆元素所具有的線條軌跡和粗細變化,要做到手筆合一,對於初學練字者來說,這是難上加難,而具備這種細微筆畫的拿捏能力之後,練習筆畫就會變得水到渠成。一個控筆元素最多可以用在21個筆畫上邊,這也是練習控筆元素優於直接練習筆畫的一個方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiO0Uiw8qUYUUh2bSCmCHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三,美感訓練是控筆元素具備而筆畫無力能及的又一特點,經過專門的美學訓練,可以非常輕鬆地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黃金分割點,按照黃金分割比例將筆畫、偏旁進行排列,讓字寫得更美觀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68I8WWSuOueCiMlTz6kiBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎筆畫訓練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsmQqqAQGAISCoqdn1EvSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"運筆的基本筆法:中鋒、側鋒、偏鋒、起筆、行筆、收筆、藏鋒、露鋒、提筆、按筆、疾筆、澀筆、轉與折。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCOMiuWSoUg2KuTvzxHZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美的線條當是來龍去脈交待清楚、行筆流暢自如、輕重緩急得當,呈現出美的形態與神態,充滿活力,或輕或重、或緩或急、或剛或柔,歸於自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwu0qo4QwSMuImmlMIbXNCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中鋒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCYSgwSaMqUiy6IVl9H3Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即指中鋒用筆。中鋒運筆時,筆尖時刻保持在線條的中心部位,落紙後,筆尖的方向和筆執行的方向在一條直線上。中鋒行筆時,筆尖在筆畫中間,兩邊的筆毫一齊用力,墨跡向兩邊滲透均勻,寫出來的筆畫厚實、凝練。中鋒在篆書、楷書、隸書中運用的特別廣泛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUYeeCi6a0SiqWBtkhbRxc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"側鋒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIuykMO8iAMkWzi34ISNhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"側鋒又叫做偏鋒,與中鋒相對。側鋒用筆,筆入紙後,筆尖的方向與筆執行的方向往往呈一個角度。如寫“橫”時,順鋒豎入,向右下頓筆,此時筆尖朝左上方,當我們向右稍拖帶時,筆的執行方向是朝右的,筆尖方向和運筆方向就有一個夾角。側鋒寫出來的點畫,往往一側較厚實,一側較單薄,這與側鋒是單側筆毫用力有關。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQcMMwiGEqS0kre8o9Pted"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“中鋒取骨,側鋒取妍”,側鋒在行、草書中運用的很廣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQIMIyemC0O8MpOfQGOUqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起筆、行筆、收筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEQIaSqwU8iicX9ytmvwXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書的基本筆畫,在書寫時都有起筆、行筆、收筆三個過程。所謂起筆,就是書寫筆畫筆尖觸紙時的下筆行筆,就是書寫筆畫的中間運筆收筆,就是筆畫書寫結束時的用筆。如寫橫畫,左邊起筆,中爲行筆,右爲收筆,起筆有輕有重,行筆有快有慢,收筆有回有露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCASE2aoyc8YCKhjfUc3Jd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提筆、按筆 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniOWuiskk4Oek8hwdJEJrNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鋼筆行書的用筆也很講究提按,以增強筆畫的粗細變化和輕重的節奏。所謂提筆,就是筆從紙面提起,筆尖觸紙力度小,筆畫要細所謂按筆,就是筆尖在紙上往下按,筆尖觸紙力度大,筆畫要粗一些。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawAukQQSKk68cFRQcBDmee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻筆、折筆 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4Qi46YII0Mw8PdAqUCgte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻筆,一般是向上取逆勢,上一筆接下一筆出現的鉤挑,如“古”字的橫,“人”、“有”的撇,都是用翻筆寫成的。折筆,一般是向下、向右取順勢,如“口”字的橫折、"山"字的豎折,都是用折筆寫成的。不論翻筆、折筆,都要求用筆慢而用力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OoQuMo44QoocV7fMpbnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"風格,指用鋒的深淺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sAqCwYqqgegWS6GCV7Y2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使轉和方圓 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gUWiSMAEesQC07vayZWlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在書寫的過程中,隨點畫之勢運筆,帶來了運腕方向上的不斷變化。諸多的變化歸納起來,用“使轉”二字便能概括。“縱橫牽制謂之使,鉤環盤紆謂之轉。”(王紱《論書》)。點畫的“遣送”爲使,點畫的“交接變向”爲轉。“使”皆實,“轉”有虛,“轉”更難。轉筆作用很大,極須用意。它即是換筆,又是調筆,方法也需視情況而變。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2ACiiaOKqmYmaHvNHikCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaukGqCGS26gKOTlhW9rJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小小一點要點好,學會頓筆很重要","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgEOsmc4AEeGGsXifw8d9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橫要平,豎要直,撇有鋒,捺有腳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQC6sg8UgIUauGADpgOa1Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提鉤要尖折有角,行筆輕快要記牢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4WA8CKkGeuuIbQ3EHh5ch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"認真練習功夫到,筆畫健美字纔好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKC4MuKOWEWE0wr5jdfeGih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":൚個基本筆畫運筆示意圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkOUUo2iQ0yOUpIDcwJKGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、長橫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6gaaqa846CqaewLCFOKre"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":411,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":475},"text":"","id":"doxcnqQ6Y42IsSuEoOo7aZSnHUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、豎畫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqAK6i4286MOi6DlK7gKSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":396,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":498},"text":"","id":"doxcnk0e8gMs8MI6us1uJTtb3Fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22yswookeokESiNVl00Tkd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":441},"text":"","id":"doxcna262kqIaQ4iC0KpjpMnRrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4aaKqsYYQ2WO2z2vtZRkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、點","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2YI6QsKsYEEgMnlnnuy42e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnceCIMCEU4musp1Tk2B7fEX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKkuKmYAYwAaU2TlhKDBFUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、臥鉤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWMcumuiCyOeOWCNwRHOvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":507},"text":"","id":"doxcnUCqk8gaqAIoshJ4Zfdortw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、豎撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqC2KSYOo26WwxYoqxMdtg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":567},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOkoSag4EEOk8dsczFAz2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、豎彎鉤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIaoK0KscSk040UEM6FRR4f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcn8ySEmk0SOGiGqmmPDDXrtl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、平捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni46GQI28aEsGCKtaVsb6ld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcnYWoggUy6864Y4EDv3qomVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、戈鉤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkY664Gs4uSAakTISbCqUd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":583},"text":"","id":"doxcnQa4e2eueEOc8QFB57L0xDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、垂露豎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0asqeqekGmOOSJ1cqBjIb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":565},"text":"","id":"doxcnmms08wK4G0QiGyyi5z04ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8ssM8aoQUQaMzvBvKawRb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":495,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":592},"text":"","id":"doxcn8wSMimOOkeCk4RFkDYQAsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二、豎折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn26WUu4UEgWsYAKyvLpjF2a"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":571},"text":"","id":"doxcnomiMCskGGWW2a2OL8dOilm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十三、豎鉤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OyqKWYsO8YgIlhJXYf1hd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":506,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnG6e8EUcuwa2wqAvcr0Dohg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十四、提鉤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUysEyyssIiAAcmFHNPV5ST"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":582},"text":"","id":"doxcnA8ISwwoU0KseixaDA73Sm8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十五、撇點","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOEo4ckauAYQyq0Uuln1BPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":385,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":574},"text":"","id":"doxcnSg6s8GUQOEUYMxapGY77Eh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十六、平撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0ai642QE0wqMdscdeTore"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":225,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":464},"text":"","id":"doxcngsyyUi262CoaeGPdlCABFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十七、橫撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYi8KKk2gmcAE3IZpviUff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":379,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":587},"text":"","id":"doxcnYeeUUe8qwYMQsh5c6gT2Rd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十八、橫折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm2myUmaaaye8kjw2AP8RRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":384,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"","width":579},"text":"","id":"doxcnWe6y64oCsu6QUX85uQoGBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mC6S4Yq4ksC6GJflQJlFf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏旁部首訓練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyMIKw8MQ0okeeIQvt6nXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"漢字的偏旁部首是指各種點畫的固定搭配,是漢字的結構單位,是構成漢字的基礎,重複出現的頻率極高,具有極爲普遍的代表性。它們在漢字中的形態基本固定,並具有一定的書寫規律,因此掌握偏旁部首的寫法,狠抓偏旁部首,不失爲一條最爲有效的捷徑,對學習漢字結構也是一條快捷之路。同時,偏旁部首書寫的正確與否,直接關係到字形的美觀,所以在學習鋼筆書法的結構前,有必要先掌握漢字各種偏旁部首的正確寫法。同時,掌握好一個偏旁部首,即可舉一反三地運用到其他很多字當中去,可達到事半功倍的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiceeOm0Go6UO2DNgJQU1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"漢字的偏旁部首常用的有82種,一般歸納爲:字頭、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包圍五大類。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykKKqwSsEY446hBVy09P3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 字頭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSG0MmAy6Y6q4COqC7gYflb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 字頭","id":""}],"url":"","width":542},"text":"","id":"doxcn8Guq8gCSaIwikBwrM4Wa3m"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESqUCWEG0YgyK58XSWFicR"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":238,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"url":"","width":538},"text":"","id":"doxcnUaIwiWYO8Go0APqhD2X6qg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0okWIamCukY2K4gMCZsRHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":321,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"url":"","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcngAimWYk20cog00pjwka9sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4EoQWowKeUKwMvxaNT2prd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"url":"","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcnmSwyu4k4IMOAEDbDdqRJQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"包圍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqAIaUEK4mWaI9YifgkP1f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"包圍","id":""}],"url":"","width":544},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEM6wag4SyQwPTbv6cjoJB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"認識字形結構","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiwkcyKIIE2WG8WU0HxJwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"漢字的結構對稱特點,主要是指漢字的字形結構具有幾何學上的對稱意義,它的構形筆畫或幾部件以某個線(面)爲軸相互折普後或平移後可以左右或上下重聲(完全重普或部分重疊),具有冗餘資訊或重複的視覺資訊,因此而區別於其它非結構對稱漢字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uuOWsI4EGWUuOhz6ObFvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根據對稱的種類及層次,結構對稱漢字具體可細分爲以下幾種情況:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncYUk4c0GcQIeOC2lbs0i0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŕ、上下部件結構對稱:如呂、昌等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgIOkSuMeqwwQj6Jwhnz4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ŗ、左右部件結構對稱:如比、林、非等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6e62sKWUCiUUJcJcqpQ9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŗ、內外部件結構對稱:如回等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8uWkyUCoAmi27hTDw5Tcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ř、部分部件結構對稱:如以中間部件爲軸對稱:如辯、斑等字形下部的部件結構對稱:如麗、翁等字形上部的部件結構對稱:如叢、琶等字形左邊的部件結構對稱:如彬等,字形右邊的部件結構對稱:如琳等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAYgEAU606oAMnBJpJW3qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ř、部件多層重疊的結構對稱:如、鑫等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaKeUGIkq0a8IpVYnPPUBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ś、獨體字中的結構對稱:如田、中等。n據作者初步統計,在國家語言文字工作委員會漢字處編的《現代漢語通用字表》(北京:語文出版社,1989)收集的7000個通用的漢字中,上述各類結構對稱的漢字達612個,佔通用漢字總數的8.74%。n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其教學過程及步驟如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOsIUey4Em6aAxFxlJVXJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一階段:形象地顯示自然界的對稱規律。n大自然中無處不存在着對稱現象。因此,可採用實物、圖片、幻燈以及錄象等各種形象的手段,讓學生了解大自然所表現的種種對稱性。如雕塑、建築、植物、動物中的對稱。然後讓學生到自已的周圍去找各種對稱的事物。如自己的身體,雙耳、雙眼、雙鼻孔、雙手、雙腳的對稱,從而使學生初步感知對稱的美,並遷移到漢字學形結構對稱的感知中來。n第二階段:直觀地識別對稱的基本的獨體字n漢字的字形形象而多變,但大都具有結構對稱的特點。教學時,可採用直觀形象的圖畫讓學生體會漢字的結構對稱的美。由幻燈或 CAI 展示實物或景象﹣展示古時的漢字﹣展示演變至今的對稱漢字﹣揭示其對稱的規律。如教左右對稱的獨體字“雨”,可首先展示雨景,讓學生觀察雨點方向,繼而展示一個古時的“雨”字,最後展示演變至今的“雨”,引導學生了解從圖到字中發現四點的方向是一致的,而如果四點的方向不一,這個字的整體對稱美就不能表達出來。實際上,學生在觀察和描述中已感受到這種對稱美,只不過無法用“對稱”這個詞表達出來。有的上下左右都對稱的獨體字如“田、日”等除了採用以上方法,還可以讓學生透過折折,剪一剪的方法來體會這種對稱的規律。把紙對摺再對摺,畫一個空心“口”字,再用剪刀剪出這個字,把這個“口”字開啟來,就是“田”字。n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三階段:分類地識別各種結構對稱的合體字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQooykMiOKO8e24T9CoJ1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當學生初步感知對稱這一概念,學會了對稱的獨體字後,可傳授各種適合這類對稱漢字的識字方法,歸類識別各種對稱的合體字,並逐步培養學生獨立識別各類對稱漢字的能力。n①字謎法n適用於上下、左右、內外以及多層重疊對稱的合體字。學生對這類字很感興趣,可讓學生編字謎,師生互猜字謎來識別。如“三火是焱,三金是鑫”等等。n②顏色標註法n適用於部分部件對稱的漢字。可用彩色粉筆標出合體中的對稱部分,如下部對稱的“翁”字中的“羽”,右邊對稱的“琳”字中的“林”等等,對於以中間部件爲軸對稱的字,如班,可用色標標出其中間部分。n③兒歌分解法n同樣適用於部分件對稱的漢字。如“叢”一一左右兩人走鋼絲。n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"另外,當學生掌握了一定的識字方法後,還可鼓勵學生新創各種合適的方法來識別各種對稱的生字,激發學生字的興趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2wW4ekqqg0k4I5erDaOZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"規範字書寫練習","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSoi62qaqcqKETbVuo7DKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"購買適合自己的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"字貼","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"進行練習。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGsAIgaW4KMIAvAT02qNnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŕ、司馬彥 | 人教版課課練:字型規範、人教版教材適用(各年級都有) 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagCQGK4sg8eG0Sny0Qf3Fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ŗ、金枝葉 | 小學生生字摹寫本人教版課本同步練字帖:描紅、臨帖結合 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYA8QK0QSksE4W4LgUV6Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŗ、華夏萬卷 | 人教版課本同步寫字課字帖:內容系統全面(各年級都有)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns2IGo2yWUUCEUXF7cpsH8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 4、墨點 | 衡水體高中英語字帖:衡水體 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUegKse6iYmEEF6zFqXSrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ř、學才 | 小學生英語單元同步詞彙:同步詞彙 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8uesMou8YyYKo0cpoTzce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ś、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷書練字帖:凹槽+臨摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksOKKkW2OSqwELVsHfHjig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ś、金枝葉 | 兒童初學者凹槽練字帖:幼兒、凹槽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIyOsg8CwuM8AT8yfHAERh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"適合的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAacyyEQ0icaS43XlEMTjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŕ、清晰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6w8OSC6QquAAbCTfY7VYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照現在的印刷技術,清晰是基本沒有問題的。可清晰有時候是假的。有些出版商,爲了讓字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在製版的時候會將圖片深度銳化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOcGEyAM4qigUbD8yrG8Vh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ŗ、選擇高端版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqE0YYgSWy4COC2zuiBkCkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次數多了,難免會有誤差。選擇字帖,應該苛刻到“下真跡一等”或者儘可能靠近原作的那種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOUUmgYqoa2iaidNaKeBrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ŗ、選擇全綵色印刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6k6qECsGM4gisaohkg4kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高清全綵色印刷的字帖儘管貴一些,但你能從中捕捉和發現很多資訊。諸如原作用的什麼紙張,墨色深淺如何等等,好的全綵色字帖,都能看出來線條疊加的痕跡,並能分析出來用筆速度、正確的用筆方法來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuIWewGioQsA4hTgmUqB9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":Ř、複製品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYow4u4uSYoeQrM2TOVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"複製品的概念,可不能簡單理解成印刷品。複製品,其實就是按照原大、原色、原樣、原材質複製的,它幾乎可以理解成真跡的克隆品。複製品的好處就是你幾乎是在面對真跡。線條的張力,墨色,紙張的顏色,氣息等等字帖所不能表現的因素,它都有。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qAWyuyY0U6Kk844s91Ku1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":ř、字帖有標明尺寸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIMAyMkWqOCsAzUWphtQ4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這個尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,纔會判斷出來原作到底有多大,字有多大,線條有多粗,然後纔會明白原作到底有多大的技術難度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2yMs0gIUWCOyW36xeqsmK"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E