by是介詞,不是動詞,意爲”透過”,其後接名詞或, (動詞原形/動詞-ing形式),構成介詞短語,作狀語,, 常用來表達做某事的方式
例如:By the time the tests took place, the athletes had had a full 17 hours notice. (到檢測開始時,離運動員得到通知已經整整17個小時了)
by的用法:
一、by+地點名詞。表方位,意爲:“在…旁邊”。
例句:
Our teacher was sitting by the window.
我們的老師正坐在窗戶旁邊。
二、by+時間名詞。意爲:“到…時(已發生某事),此時謂語多用完成時最晚、不遲於…,在…之前”。
例句:
I shall be back by 5 o’clock.
我最遲五點回來。
三、by+v.-ing結構。意爲“透過……,以……的方式”。
例句:
Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.
身體是靠鍛鍊強壯的,同樣,大腦是靠學習開發的。
四、by+人稱代詞賓格,意爲“經過”。
例句:
He walked by me without saying a word.
他走過我的身旁,沒有說話。
五、by+人,意爲“被由”。
例句:
The movie is loved by people all over Asia.
那個電影被全亞洲人喜愛。
六、by+地點或工具等具體名詞。表路線、途徑,意爲:“透過(某物、某地),取道…”。
例句:
The man entered the room by the back door.
那人透過後門進入了房間。